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Evaluation of automated in-line precision dairy farming technology implementation in three dairy farms

Maria CARIA, Giuseppe TODDE, Antonio PAZZONA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第2期页码 181-187 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019252

摘要：

In recent decades, dairy farms have been exposed to wide variation in profit levels due to a considerable variability of milk price, and energy and feed costs. Consequently, it is necessary for the dairy industry to improve efficiency and productivity by adopting innovative technologies. The automated in-parlour milk analysis and separation is mainly useful to produce low or high quality milk and to monitor the animal health status. Milk with high levels of protein and fat contents may reduce the intensity of standardization during cheesemaking process, reducing production costs. The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of real-time milk separation during milking and the performance of the milking machine after implementation of AfiMilk MCS. In addition, the economic aspects were assessed. The separation of milk required the existing milking parlors to be equipped with an additional milkline to allow channeling milk with low and high coagulation properties into two different cooling tanks. The results showed that the high coagulation milk fraction, compared to the bulk milk, increased in fat (from 18% to 43%) and protein (from 3% to 7%) concentration. The technology tested has given promising results showing reliability and efficiency in milk separation in real time with affordable implementation costs.

关键词： cheese yield infrared analysis milk quality real-time measurement sensor

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Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils by precision management

Robert M. REES, Juliette MAIRE, Anna FLORENCE, Nicholas COWAN, Ute SKIBA, Tony van der WEERDEN, Xiaotang JU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第1期页码 75-80 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019294

摘要：

Nitrous oxide (N O) emissions make up a significant part of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. There is an urgent need to identify new approaches to the mitigation of these emissions with emerging technology. In this short review four approaches to precision managements of agricultural systems are described based on examples of work being undertaken in the UK and New Zealand. They offer the opportunity for N O mitigation without any reduction in productivity. These approaches depend upon new sensor technology, modeling and spatial information with which to make management decisions and interventions that can both improve agricultural productivity and environmental protection.

关键词： decision support systems mitigation nitrous oxide precision farming

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DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATIC WEIGHING PLATFORM FOR MONITORING BODYWEIGHT OF BROILER CHICKENS IN COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第3期页码 363-373 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023510

摘要：

● An automatic weighing system for monitoring bodyweight of broilers was developed.

关键词： automatic weighing weight monitoring floor housing uniformity precision poultry farming

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开展陆生与水产养殖动物营养感知研究的展望 Perspective

高宗宇, 刘成栋, 麦康森, 何艮

《工程（英文）》 2023年第23卷第4期页码 112-117 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.05.019

摘要：

饲料在动物生长和健康中扮演着重要的角色，然而决定饲料表现的内在机一直是一个所谓的“黑箱”。直到近年来，研究证明营养素能够作为信号分子被细胞和机体感知，并在调控基因表达和代谢活动中起着至关重要的作用。多条分别感知不同营养素的信号通路被发现，营养感知信号调节也已在临床医学中被广泛用于药物开发与疾病控制。然而，在陆生和水产养殖动物中，对主要营养素（蛋白质、糖脂等）的营养感知和代谢调控的研究仍处于起步阶段。因此，我们针对未来在动物营养学中开展营养感知研究可能的研究主题和应用场景提出设想和建议。

关键词：营养感知新陈代谢陆上养殖动物水产养殖动物营养精确营养

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Characterising populations living close to intensive farming and composting facilities in England

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1332-z

摘要：

• Bioaerosol emitted from farming and composting facilities may pose health risks.

关键词： Composting Intensive farming Bioaerosol Population characteristics Public health

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LARGE-SCALE FARMING BENEFITS SOIL ACIDIFICATION ALLEVIATION THROUGH IMPROVED FIELD MANAGEMENT IN BANANA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第1期页码 48-60 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022475

摘要：

● Large farms had the highest average yield and the least yield variation.

关键词： plantations land transfer large-scale farming nutrient management soil acidification

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赵春江：支持精准农业的机器智能（2019年10月18日）

赵春江(院士)

2021年01月20日

关键词：农业科学

Reducing the environmental footprint of food and farming with Agriculture Green Development

William J. DAVIES, Jianbo SHEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第1期页码 1-4 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019311

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Do not let precision medicine be kidnapped

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第4期页码 512-513 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0425-8

摘要：

Obama’s precision medicine initiative made the medical community boil over after the initiative’s release. Precision medicine has been advocated by the majority of scientists and doctors. However, some experts have questioned this concept. This article does not oppose precision medicine. However, the incentive of vigorously promoting precision medicine at present is a concern.

关键词： precision medicine personalized medicine genomics

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Review on the progress of ultra-precision machining technologies

Julong YUAN, Binghai LYU, Wei HANG, Qianfa DENG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第2期页码 158-180 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0455-9

摘要：

Ultra-precision machining technologies are the essential methods, to obtain the highest form accuracy and surface quality. As more research findings are published, such technologies now involve complicated systems engineering and been widely used in the production of components in various aerospace, national defense, optics, mechanics, electronics, and other high-tech applications. The conception, applications and history of ultra-precision machining are introduced in this article, and the developments of ultra-precision machining technologies, especially ultra-precision grinding, ultra-precision cutting and polishing are also reviewed. The current state and problems of this field in China are analyzed. Finally, the development trends of this field and the coping strategies employed in China to keep up with the trends are discussed.

关键词： ultra-precision grinding ultra-precision cutting ultra-precision polishing research status in China development tendency

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REINTEGRATION OF CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS IN EUROPE: AN OVERVIEW

Antonius G. T. SCHUT, Emily C. COOLEDGE, Marc MORAINE, Gerrie W. J. VAN DE VEN, Davey L. JONES, David R. CHADWICK

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 111-129 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020373

摘要： Ongoing specialization of crop and livestock systems provides socioeconomic benefits to the farmer but has led to greater externalization of environmental costs when compared to mixed farming systems. Better integration of crop and livestock systems offers great potential to rebalance the economic and environmental trade-offs in both systems. The aims of this study were to analyze changes in farm structure and review and evaluate the potential for reintegrating specialized intensive crop and livestock systems, with specific emphasis on identifying the co-benefits and barriers to reintegration. Historically, animals were essential to recycle nutrients in the farming system but this became less important with the availability of synthetic fertilisers. Although mixed farm systems can be economically attractive, benefits of scale combined with socio-economic factors have resulted in on-farm and regional specialization with negative environmental impacts. Reintegration is therefore needed to reduce nutrient surpluses at farm, regional and national levels, and to improve soil quality in intensive cropping systems. Reintegration offers practical and cost-effective options to widen crop rotations and promotes the use of organic inputs and associated benefits, reducing dependency on synthetic fertilisers, biocides and manure processing costs. Circular agriculture goes beyond manure management and requires adaptation of both food production and consumption patterns, matching local capacity to produce with food demand. Consequently, feed transport, greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient surpluses and nutrient losses to the environment can be reduced. It is concluded that reintegration of specialized farms within a region can provide benefits to farmers but may also lead to further intensification of land use. New approaches within a food system context offer alternatives for reintegration, but require strong policy incentives which show clear, tangible and lasting benefits for farmers, the environment and the wider community.

关键词： circular agriculture coupled farming systems mixed farming specialised farming systems GHG

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当前我国灌区节水改造的问题与对策

孙雪涛

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第9期页码 24-30

摘要：

我国灌区的建设与管理中仍然存在着“重建轻管”、“重灌轻排”的现象，这是长期投入不合理和传统的管理体制所造成的。文章指出在进行大型灌区续建配套与节水改造的过程中，应以建设节水高效灌溉农业为目标，采取国家加大投资力度并调整投资分担比例，进行管理体制的改革，推广科学灌溉并提高用水效率等有力措施，以改变“重建轻管”、“重灌轻排”的现象，使我国灌溉农业得以可持续发展。

关键词：灌溉排水盐碱化农业节水高效

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Self-generation of machining precision and its realization in lapping of super precision solid balls

ZHANG Bopeng

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第3期页码 348-353 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0065-7

摘要： This paper presents the principle of self-generation of machining precision by explaining its basic concept and five necessary conditions for forming a system with self-organization capability. A self-generation system is a kind of system with self-organization capability. The self-generation of machining precision for solid balls with super precision is emphatically explained. From the viewpoint of self-organization, there are three types of systems including system 1 with the self-regulation capability, 2 with the self-determination capability of goals, and 3 with the self-organization capability. Although they are all closed loop control systems, they have different constructions and functions. Necessary conditions for achieving self-generation of machining precision are given. Establishment of the system for machining solid balls with super precision is discussed. Self-generation of machining precision for solid balls with super precision on the basis of the capability of self-removal of errors is presented. Self-generation includes the ability of self-removal of errors for solid balls, convergence of self-removal of errors, self-generation of precision, and self-generating system for the given.

关键词： self-generation necessary self-regulation capability viewpoint Necessary

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秦巴山脉农林畜药绿色循环发展战略研究

刘旭,梅旭荣,杨正礼,杨世琦

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第5期页码 24-30 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.05.004

摘要：

秦巴山脉农业发展面临的主要问题是农业发展与生态环境矛盾突出，农业生产方式转变难度大，农业资源的差异化和碎片化影响农业经营规模与布局，农产品特色品种多，但知名品牌少、深加工少、效益差，以及特色农产品销售渠道和平台薄弱等。本文基于秦巴山脉农林畜药发展目标与思路，提出了山地生态环境红线管理与环境质量提升、科教引领、特色农产品品牌打造、基于农牧良性循环的生态农业、林下特色经济、山地特色农产品加工与营销六大战略。

关键词：秦巴山脉农林畜药绿色循环发展战略